Similarly, the highest performance ratio was obtained by the Mono south system, while the lowest was for the Poly E/W system. The highest efficiency was achieved by the Mono South system, and the lowest efficiency of 7% was recorded for the thin film south system. The key performance indicators investigated are the performance ratio (PR), specific yield, and system efficiency (EFF). These systems are installed at the Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman, Jordan. This study presents the performance indicators for about six years of operation for a solar field that consists of five different solar systems (around 5 kW each), these systems are Monocrystalline East/West, Monocrystalline South, Polycrystalline South, Polycrystalline East/West, and Thin-film system oriented toward the south.
Since there are different PV technologies available, a reliable long-term evaluation of these technologies under actual operation conditions would be very helpful and valuable for further development and deployment of this technology. Solar photovoltaic (PV) is the fastest growing renewable energy technology in terms of installed capacity worldwide. The study promised to use crystal violet dye with magnesium Oxide as solar cells materials for low cost. From current-voltage results circuit the values of fill factor is 0.74 and efficiency of solar cells increased from 0.2803% to 0.3409% according to magnesium Oxide molarity increasing. From UV-VIS spectrometer results the absorbance of all samples in range of (190-400) nm, the absorbance decrease when molarity of magnesium Oxide increase, the maximum absorption coefficient value of magnesium Oxide α = 2.42 x 10 4 cm-1 for MgO (0.2 molar) sample at wavelength 275 nm, the optical energy band gab was increased from 3.773eV for MgO (0.2 molar) sample to 3.812eV for MgO (1.0 molar) sample. UV/VIS spectrometer was carried out to determine some optical properties of magnesium Oxide while current-voltage circuit was used to measure the parameters of solar cell. This work aimed to study the performance of magnesium Oxide Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs).
In this paper semiconductor material from Magnesium Oxide in different molar ratio namely (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) were successfully synthesized and crystal violet dye was used to fabricate Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). Overall, this review provides a critical evaluation of the advances, opportunities and challenges of PSCs. Finally, this review discusses future innovations, with the development of more environmentally friendly lead-free PSCs and high-efficiency multi-junction cells. This highlights the need for a transition to manufacturing techniques that are compatible with roll-to-roll processing to achieve high throughput. Scalability of manufacturing is also a big issue as the spin-coating technique used for most laboratory-scale tests is not appropriate for large-scale production. The main issue is stability as PSCs are particularly vulnerable to moisture, caused by the inherently weak bonds in the perovskite structure.
Furthermore, this review identifies the issues impeding PSCs from large-scale commercial-isation and the actions needed to resolve them. Synthesis methods of PSCs are considered, with solution-based manufacturing being the most cost-effective and common industrial method. Key electronic and optical properties include high electron mobility (800 cm 2 /Vs), long diffusion wavelength (>1 μm), and high absorption coefficient (10 5 cm −1). This paper reviews existing literature to discuss the structural and fundamental features of PSCs that have resulted in significant performance gains. Further advantages of PSCs include low fabrication costs and high tunability compared to conventional silicon-based solar cells. This is owing to their rapid development in performance efficiency, increasing from 3.5% to 25.8% in a decade. Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have been identified as a game-changer in the world of pho-tovoltaics.